How does Isotretinoin work with Acne? 

One of the primary causes of acne is the overproduction of sebum, an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands. Isotretinoin works by reducing the amount of sebum produced in the skin by the sebaceous glands.

Although it is not a cure, Isotretinoin will significantly reduce the sebaceous gland activity which can result in the patient having a prolonged period of remission of the acne, with clear skin remaining sometimes for many years.

Isotretinoin and Pregnancy 

Isotretinoin must not be used whilst pregnant as it can cause birth defects. All prescribed oral retinoids including isotretinoin have an associated Pregnancy Prevention Programme (PPP), in which the patient will participate, if female and of childbearing potential.

Contraception for females whilst taking isotretinoin

All females of reproductive age who are sexually active should adhere to one of the following precautions throughout their course of isotretinoin treatment and for a period of four weeks before starting treatment and four weeks after stopping the medication:

• Use two reliable varying methods of contraception. For example the contraceptive pill and a barrier method such as condoms.

• Use one form of very reliable contraception, such as an intrauterine device, contraceptive implant, or injection.

It is not advisable to use barrier methods of contraception on their own. The Dermatologist who is prescribing you isotretinoin will discuss contraception prior to commencing the course of treatment.

Females of reproductive age will need to take a pregnancy test before starting treatment, and once a month, whilst they are having the treatment and one month after they have finished the treatment.  

If you think that you may have become pregnant you must stop taking Isotretinoin immediately and speak to the Dermatologist who has prescribed you the medication as soon as possible. A termination of pregnancy may be advised. 

For men, there is no need to use contraceptive precautions whilst taking isotretinoin as there is no impact on male sperm count or male fertility. 

There is also no evidence to suggest that children conceived by men taking the medication will develop birth defects. 

Here is a link to UK government guidance on preventing pregnancy during isotretinoin treatment.

Common Side Effects 

There are several potential side effects when using isotretinoin.

The dose you take will influence the severity of the side effects you experience, together  with your medical history. For example dryness, which is a common side effect is more severe on higher doses and maybe more problematic if you have a history of eczema. Dryness can generally be managed by your Dermatologist and a lower dose taken for a longer period of time may be advised.

It is very important to be aware of the side effects and tell your Dermatologist if you are experiencing anything whilst taking isotretinoin. 

Some of the more common side effects include: 

• Dryness of the skin, lips, and eyes. A non-comedogenic moisturiser and lip balm can be used to alleviate symptoms. Avoid using any harsh chemicals on your skin such as soaps and gels. In some more severe cases, dry skin can progress to eczema. 
• Dryness of the nose and nose bleeds caused by dryness in the nasal cavity. Vaseline can be applied to alleviate symptoms. 
• Discomfort when using contact lenses. Over-the-counter artificial tear eye drops can be used to rehydrate the eyes. If possible do not wear any contact lenses.
• Increased risk of skin infection and delay in wound healing. The skin may feel fragile and peel with friction. It is recommended to avoid waxing, epilation, dermabrasion, or laser treatment. Avoid tattoos and piercings. Shaving is generally tolerated, using a moisturiser afterwards will help. Your skin may be more sensitive for up to six months after taking isotretinoin medication. 
• An increased sensitivity to sunlight, Avoid direct sun exposure and use sunscreen with SPF 50. The use of sunbeds should be avoided whether you are taking isotretinoin or not. 
• Muscles and joints may ache, especially after exercise. Paracetamol can be used to manage symptoms. If your aches and pains become severe you must inform the Dermatologist who prescribed you the medication. Strenuous activity such as workouts and sports should be avoided where possible as this can cause muscle breakdown.   
• Temporary hair thinning can occur. 

Rarer Side Effects 

There are a number of more concerning side effects that can occur when taking isotretinoin, however, these are rare and most people do not experience them. 

• Isotretinoin can affect your vision. In particular, the ability to see at night may be impacted. Patients taking isotretinoin whose jobs may involve the operation of heavy machinery, driving, piloting aircraft or military roles should discuss with their employer before starting treatment with isotretinoin. Pilots will need to check with the most up-to-date Civil aviation guidelines.
• Patients may experience increased levels of fats in the blood or inflammation of the pancreas and liver. Isotretinoin can raise the level triglyceride levels (one of the types of fat in the blood). Your Dermatologist may conduct blood tests to monitor potential side effects during treatment.
• Changes in mood and behaviour can occur (between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 10,000 chance). In some very rare cases, patients experience thoughts of self-harm and suicide. Before starting treatment your doctor or Dermatologist will discuss whether you have had any problems with mental health, low mood or suicidal thoughts. Your Dermatologist may also ask you to complete psychological questionnaires before and during the course of treatment.
• One of the rarer side effects is raised pressure in the brain with a less than 1 in 10,000 chance. This can cause severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and blurred vision.
• Some reported sexual side effects including erectile dysfunction, vaginal dryness, and decreased libido. Whilst rare, these symptoms can occur after coming off the medication. 
• There have been a few rare cases of patients who are taking isotretinoin developing inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Although the link with isotretinoin has not been confirmed to cause this if you develop bloody diarrhoea, notify your doctor or Dermatologist immediately or visit Accident and Emergency if you are experiencing severe symptoms. 

Because of the wide variety of side effects that may be associated with taking isotretinoin, it is vitally important to report anything unusual that you may be experiencing to the Dermatologist who is handling your isotretinoin treatment.

Things to avoid whilst taking isotretinoin

There are a number of precautions that a patient must take when using isotretinoin. Your Dermatologist will run through all of these prior to starting the treatment. 

Giving blood

You are not allowed to give blood whilst taking isotretinoin and for 1 month after taking the medication in case the blood is given to a pregnant female.

Taking other medications with isotretinoin

Whilst it is safe to take most medications with isotretinoin, some medications may interact. 

Your Dermatologist will discuss whether any medication that you are taking will interfere with isotretinoin, and advise accordingly. 

Some medications to avoid include Tetracycline (including doxycycline, minocycline) antibiotics, Methotrexate, Warfarin and Vitamin A (retinoic acid) supplements.

Drinking alcohol whilst taking isotretinoin?

Whilst you can drink alcohol whilst taking isotretinoin, it is strongly advised to keep the amount to a minimum. Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol whilst taking isotretinoin carries a risk of damaging your liver.

How long is a course of isotretinoin and what is the dosage? 

Your Dermatologist will determine the correct dosage based on a multitude of factors. The patient’s weight, their responsiveness to treatment and the presence and impact of side effects will all be taken into account. The range of dosage for acne is less than 0.1-1 mg per kg of body weight.

 A typical treatment of isotretinoin may be between 6 and 12 months, but on lower doses may continue for many months.. 

Isotretinoin should be taken at the same time every day. It is best taken with a meal, preferably containing fatty foods such as milk, avocado, and nuts - as this helps with absorption into the bloodstream.  

Can isotretinoin be used more than once if a patient experiences an acne relapse?

Most patients’ acne clears during a course of isotretinoin, many patients will need no more treatment for the acne. However, it is important to understand isotretinoin is not a cure and the acne can recur.  If the acne reoccurs then patients may take another course of isotretinoin. Data shows that recurrence is more common in females than males who are 25 years and less. 

Frequently Asked Questions